Jika hoby merawat tanaman hias, sering kali kita harus membeli pupuk, kini harga pupuk semakin mahal saja. Harga pupuk kompos di toko pertanian berkisar Rp 5.000 s/d 15.000, per 5 kg Sedangkan sekarung harganya Rp.30.000. Padahal kita dapat membuat sendiri pupuk kompos di rumah, dengan bahan baku limbah/ sampah yg ada di rumah kita.
Bahan baku
Ada dua jenis sampah yaitu organik dan anorganik. yang termasuk sampah organik dan bisa dijadikan bahan kompos adalah sampah coklat (daun kering, rumput kering, serbuk gergaji, serutan kayu, sekam, jerami, kulit jagung, kertas yang tidak mengkilat, tangkai sayuran) dan sampah hijau (sayuran, buah-buahan, potongan rumput segar, daun segar, sampah dapur, ampas teh/kopi, kulit telur, pupuk kandang). Sedangkan yang masuk kelompok sampah anorganik adalah plastik, stereoform, kertas (mengkilat), logam, kaca dll. dipisahkan saja itu “jatah nya pemulung”
Alat dan bahan
Alat yang dibutuhkan adalah tempat memproses sampah menjadi kompos (komposter). Macam-macam jenisnya, ada yang terbuat dari batako, gentong plastik, keranjang (keranjang takakura) ataupun karung. Bahan yang digunakan untuk mengurai sampah menjadi kompos adalah starter, yaitu mikro organisma pengurai.
Stater siap pakai seperti EM4 (effective microorganism 4) bisa dibeli di toko pertanian dengan harga sekitar Rp. 13.000 s/d Rp 15.000. per botol 1 liter. atau kita dapat membuat starter sendiri dengan cara sederhana:
- Nasi (baru maupun basi) dibentuk bulat sebesar bola ping-pong sebanyak 4 buah.
- Diamkan selama tiga hari sampai keluar jamur yang berwarna kuning, jingga, dan abu-abu.
- Bola nasi jamuran kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam botol/wadah plastik.
- Tuang air satu gayung yang sudah dicampur gula sebanyak empat sendok makan ke dalam botol/wadah yang berisi nasi jamuran.
- Diamkan selama satu minggu. Campuran nasi dan air gula tersebut akan berbau asem seperti tape/peuyeum. Starter sudah bisa digunakan untuk membuat kompos, dengan cara dicampur air. Perbandingan stater dengan air sebesar 1:5.
Cara membuat kompos
Metode (metoda Keranjang Takakura) :
Satu keluarga dengan jumlah anggota keluarga sebanyak 7 orang dapat menggunakan keranjang standar (lihat gambar) dengan starter 8 kg Sampah rumah tangga yang diolah di keranjang ini maksimal 1,5 kg per hari.
- Siapkan keranjang yg berlubang-lubang kecil dan tempatkan pada tempat yang teduh, tidak kena hujan dan sinar matahari langsung serta memiliki sirkulasi udara yang bagus. Letakkan penyangga (batu bata atau bisa yang lain) pada bagian bawah keranjang agar aliran udara bisa masuk.
- Masukkan sekam kedalam suatu wadah dan tempatkan pada bagian bawah keranjang, berfungsi untuk menyerap air, mengurangi bau dan mengontrol udara agar mikroba berkembang dengan baik.
- Cari kardus bekas masukan kedalam keranjang di atas bantalan sekam untuk menampung bahan-bahan yang akan dikomposkan.
- Isi wadah dengan starter atau kompos kurang lebih setebal 5 cm. Kompos berfungsi sebagai starter proses pengomposan karena di dalamnya terkandung mikroba-mikroba pengurai.
- Masukkan bahan yang akan dikomposkan. Bahan-bahan yang akan dikomposkan sebelum dimasukkan ke keranjang harus dipotong kecil-kecil ukuran 2 cm x 2 cm. Semakin kecil ukuran akan semakin cepat terurai. Jika terlalu basah, tambahkan sekam atau serbuk kayu gergajian. Aduk-aduklah setiap selesai memasukkan bahan-bahan yang akan dikomposkan. Bila perlu tambahkan selapis kompos yang sudah jadi. Agar kompos beraroma jeruk, anda bisa menambahkan kulit jeruk ke dalam keranjang.
- Untuk memastikan proses pengomposan berjalan, letakkan tangan kita 2 cm dari kompos. Bila terasa hangat, dapat dipastikan proses pengomposan bekerja dengan baik. Jika tidak, percikkan sedikit air untuk memicu mikroorganisme bekerja. Bisa jadi kompos terlalu kering sehingga memerlukan air.
Lakukan kegiatan tersebut berulang-ulang selama 40 – 60 hari. Bahan yang telah menjadi kompos akan berwarna hitam, tidak berbau dan tidak becek.
Cara Panen
Bila kompos di dalam Keranjang Takakura telah penuh, ambil 1/3-nya dan kita matangkan selama seminggu di tempat yang tidak terkena sinar matahari secara langsung. Sisanya yang 2/3 bisa kita gunakan kembali sebagai starter untuk pengolahan berikutnya.
Selain mengunakan wadah keranjang kita bisa juga membuat pupuk kompos dengan ”metode karung” yaitu menggunakan karung sebagai wadah nya.
Selamat mencoba…. kalau mau di jual .. silahkan bungkus dengan plastik atau karung ukuran 5 kg….. semoga bermanfaat.
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This is also a very good post which I really enjoyed reading. It is not every day that I have the possibility to see something like this..
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